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| c. 1000 |
| | | Leif Ericsson claims to have made landfall at three places in north America, one of which he names Vinland - the land of wine | |
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| c. 1000 |
| | | Man-eating Caribs move into the islands around the sea named after them - the Caribbean | |
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| c. 1000 |
| | | The Inca ethnic group migrates into the region of the Cuzco valley in Peru | |
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| c. 1010 |
| | | Thorfinn Karlsefni leads an expedition to north America, traces of which may survive in a longhouse at L'Anse aux Meadows | |
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| c. 1150 |
| | | The Aztecs begin to move south from their original home, which they call Aztlan, somewhere in northern Mexico | |
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| c. 1345 |
| | | The Aztecs settle on an uninhabited island in a lake, which they name Tenochtitlan — the site of the modern Mexico City | |
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| 1410 |
| | | The Viking settlement in Greenland ends, after 400 years, when the last ship leaves the colony and sails for Norway | |
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| 1434 |
| | | The rulers of Tenochtitlan join with two other neighbouring kingdoms to form the Aztec Triple Alliance | |
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| 1438 |
| | | After a decisive victory over the Chanca people, a young Inca prince seizes the throne in Peru and takes the name Pachacuti | |
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| c. 1440 |
| | | Cuzco, city of the Incas, grows rapidly in power after Pachacuti ('transformer of the earth') becomes emperor | |
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